By ECZ Study Tool, September 18, 2023
Reduction is a chemical process in which a substance gains electrons. Think of it as the 'gain of electrons' by one or more atoms in a substance. During reduction, a substance may also lose oxygen or gain hydrogen atoms. This process often results in a decrease in the oxidation state or charge of the atoms involved.
Reduction reactions are
characterized by the following key features:
Gain of Electrons: In a reduction reaction, one or more atoms or
ions gain electrons. This leads to a decrease in their positive charge or
oxidation state.
Loss of Oxygen: Reduction reactions often involve the removal of
oxygen from a substance. For example, when hydrogen gas (H2) reacts with oxygen
gas (O2) to form water (H2O), the oxygen undergoes reduction.
Gain of Hydrogen: In some cases, reduction reactions involve the
addition of hydrogen atoms to a substance. For example, in the hydrogenation of
vegetable oils to produce margarine, unsaturated fats gain hydrogen atoms.
Examples: Reduction reactions are
widespread in chemistry, from the reduction of metal ores to the reduction of
carbon dioxide to produce organic compounds in photosynthesis.
Reduction reactions frequently
occur in conjunction with oxidation reactions, collectively known as redox
(reduction-oxidation) reactions. These reactions play a vital role in various
chemical processes, including energy production, corrosion prevention, and biological
processes, such as cellular respiration.
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