By ECZ Study Tool, September 22, 2023
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed between two atoms when one atom donates electrons (becomes positively charged) and the other atom accepts those electrons (becomes negatively charged). This transfer of electrons results in the formation of oppositely charged ions, typically a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion. These ions are attracted to each other due to their opposite charges, creating a strong electrostatic force that holds them together in a stable compound.
Cations and Anions: In an ionic
bond, one atom loses electrons to become a positively charged ion, known as a
cation, while the other atom gains those electrons to become a negatively
charged ion, known as an anion. For example, in the formation of table salt
(sodium chloride, NaCl), sodium (Na) loses an electron to become a positively
charged sodium ion (Na+), and chlorine (Cl) gains electron to become a negatively
charged chloride ion (Cl-).
Electrostatic Attraction: The
electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions is what holds them
together in an ionic bond. This attraction is quite strong and results in the
formation of a stable compound.
Properties of Ionic Compounds:
Ionic compounds tend to have high melting and boiling points, are often soluble
in water, and can conduct electricity when dissolved in water or molten. They
tend to form crystalline structures.
Examples: Common examples of ionic
compounds include table salt (NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and magnesium
oxide (MgO).
Understanding ionic bonds is
essential in chemistry, as they are a fundamental type of chemical bonding that
leads to the formation of a wide range of compounds, including salts, minerals,
and many important substances in nature and industry.
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