By ECZ Study Tool, September 18, 2023
An ion is an atom or a group of atoms that has an electric charge. Think of it as an electrically charged atom. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, causing an imbalance in the number of protons and electrons. If an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged (anions), and if it loses electrons, it becomes positively charged (cations). Ions play a crucial role in chemical reactions and the behavior of matter.
There are two main types of ions:
Cations: Cations are positively charged ions. They form when an
atom loses one or more electrons. This loss of negatively charged electrons
results in an excess of positively charged protons in the atom. For example,
when a sodium (Na) atom loses one electron, it becomes a sodium cation with a
charge of +1, written as Na+.
Anions: Anions are negatively charged ions. They form when an atom
gains one or more electrons. This gain of negatively charged electrons results
in an excess of electrons compared to protons. For example, when a chlorine
(Cl) atom gains one electron, it becomes a chloride anion with a charge of -1,
written as Cl-.
Ions are important in chemistry
because their charges make them highly reactive. They are involved in various
chemical reactions, such as the formation of ionic compounds, where oppositely
charged cations and anions are attracted to each other and bond together.
Additionally, ions play essential roles in biological processes, electrical
conductivity in solutions, and many other aspects of chemistry.
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