By ECZ Study Tool, September 23, 2023
An enzyme is a specialized protein that acts as a biological catalyst, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms. Think of it as a molecular worker that facilitates and regulates various biochemical processes by lowering the energy required for reactions to occur. Enzymes are essential for life and play a central role in numerous metabolic and physiological functions.
Enzymes are highly specific in
their functions and typically work on a particular type of substrate, which is
the molecule they act upon. The substrate binds to the enzyme at a specific
site called the active site. This binding forms an enzyme-substrate complex,
where the enzyme helps to break or form chemical bonds within the substrate.
Key points about enzymes include:
Catalysis: Enzymes are catalysts, which means they increase the
rate of chemical reactions without being consumed or permanently altered in the
process.
Substrate Specificity: Each enzyme
has a unique shape and active site that fits a specific substrate or group of
substrates. This specificity ensures that enzymes only act on their target
molecules.
Regulation: Enzyme activity can be regulated by factors like
temperature, pH, and the concentration of molecules that interact with the
enzyme. This regulation allows cells to control when and how reactions occur.
Biological Significance: Enzymes are essential for processes such
as digestion, photosynthesis, DNA replication, and energy production. Without
enzymes, many biochemical reactions would proceed too slowly to sustain life.
Enzyme Names: Enzymes are often named based on their function and
the substrate they act upon, following a naming convention. For example amylase
is an enzyme that breaks down starch.
Enzymes are indispensable in
biology and biochemistry, as they enable organisms to carry out a vast array of
chemical reactions efficiently and with precision, making life processes
possible.
When preparing for your ECZ exams, one of the most powerful tools at your disposal is a collection of past papers. These are more than just old exam questions; they're a sneak peek into the structure, format, and type of problems you’ll encounter on test day.
Preparing for the Examinations Council of Zambia (ECZ) exams can be daunting, especially for challenging subjects like science and mathematics.
Access a comprehensive collection of Zed past papers with answers for download now
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